PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.